SYSTEMATICS, MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY Phylogenetic Relationships Among Species of the fraterculus Group (Anastrepha: Diptera: Tephritidae) Inferred from DNA Sequences of Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I

A fragment of 808 base pairs within the mtDNA gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI) was analyzed for 15 species of Anastrepha: 12 within the fraterculus group, one unplaced species and two outgroups. Phylogenetic relationships among the included taxa were inferred using neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods. The average Jukes-Cantor genetic distance among the species was 0.033±0.006 and the level of sequence divergence ranged from 0.0 to 0.083. Our results of COI indicate the placement of A. acris Stone, an unplaced species, in the fraterculus group. The membership of A. barbiellinii Lima in the fraterculus group and the monophyly of the aforementioned group are also discussed. Moreover, the presence of multiple gene pools in the nominal species A. fraterculus (Wiedemann) and the nonmonophyly of A. fraterculus are corroborated by data obtained in our study. The species A. amita Zucchi, A. turpiniae Stone and A. zenildae Zucchi were genetically studied for the first time.